Your period 101: The basics you need to know

Written By Charlotte Langer

Introduction:

The menstrual cycle is a fundamental aspect of a person's reproductive health. Yet, it often remains shrouded in mystery, leading to confusion and misinformation. In this blog post, we will demystify the menstrual cycle by exploring its phases, typical lengths, the hormonal changes that occur in each phase, and the physical and emotional experiences that many individuals go through during this natural process.

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle:

The menstrual cycle typically consists of four main phases, though the experiences can vary from person to person:

  1. Menstruation (Days 1-5):

    • Duration: Approximately 3 to 7 days.

    • Hormonal Changes: During this phase, estrogen and progesterone levels are low. This drop in hormones triggers the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstrual bleeding.

    • Physical and Emotional Experience: Many individuals experience cramps, fatigue, and mood swings during menstruation. It's normal to feel more introverted or emotionally sensitive during this time.

  2. Follicular Phase (Days 1-13):

    • Duration: Around 7 to 13 days.

    • Hormonal Changes: Estrogen levels gradually rise, promoting the development of follicles in the ovaries. This phase culminates in the release of an egg (ovulation).

    • Physical and Emotional Experience: Energy levels tend to increase, and you may feel more outgoing and sociable. Some individuals also notice an increase in libido.

  3. Ovulation (Day 14, approximately):

    • Duration: Typically a short window of 24-48 hours.

    • Hormonal Changes: Ovulation occurs when an egg is released from the ovaries. Estrogen levels peak just before ovulation.

    • Physical and Emotional Experience: Some people experience a mild, one-sided abdominal ache (mittelschmerz) during ovulation. You might also feel more attractive and confident, thanks to the hormonal surge.

  4. Luteal Phase (Days 15-28, approximately):

    • Duration: Around 12 to 16 days.

    • Hormonal Changes: After ovulation, estrogen levels dip, and progesterone levels rise. This phase prepares the uterine lining for potential pregnancy.

    • Physical and Emotional Experience: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms, like breast tenderness, bloating, irritability, and mood swings, can intensify during the luteal phase.

Typical Length of the Menstrual Cycle:

The length of a menstrual cycle varies from person to person but usually falls within the range of 21 to 35 days. Day 1 is considered the first day of menstrual bleeding, and the cycle ends the day before the next period begins.

Conclusion:

Understanding the basics of the menstrual cycle, including its phases, typical lengths, hormonal changes, and the associated physical and emotional experiences, is essential for promoting reproductive health and well-being. It allows us to appreciate the natural rhythms of our bodies and better manage any discomfort that may arise during this time. Remember that every person's experience is unique, and it's okay to seek medical advice if you have concerns about your menstrual cycle or its impact on your health and daily life.

Charlotte Langer